Ελληνικά 
English Ruby
Ruby is the variety of corundum that gets the red color from the trace elements of chromium. Blue or other colors of corundum are sapphires.
Its name comes from the Latin word rubrum, rubber. which means red and is one of the four precious gemstones in gemology, along with sapphire, emerald and diamond.
The rubies of Asia were created by the conflict of the Indian continent with the Asian continent. The tectonic movement has led to large-scale displacements on the earth's surface, resulting in the formation of minerals and the creation of areas called orthogonal zones. Many of the ruby and sapphire mines are located in these zones.
Pan-African orogeny occurred 750 to 450 million years ago, resulting in the creation of gemstone reserves in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and southern India. The conflict between the Indian subcontinent and the Asian continent occurred "just" 4.5 to 5 million years ago. This movement created rubies and sapphires from Afghanistan and Tajikistan to Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam and China.
Ruby, due to its hardness, but also its ability not to oxidize or be affected by acids, is used especially in watchmaking, as well as due to its special weight in the construction of other fine precision machines, such as timers.
In Sanskrit the ruby was called Ratnaraj, meaning King of precious stones. The Hindu warriors carried a ruby for protection. The Burmese believed that anyone wearing a ruby during battle becomes invincible and invulnerable to enemy arrows. The Chinese decorated their swords with ruby and sapphire for strength and protection.
The most expensive ruby is the Sunrise Ruby, a 25.59 carat Burmese stone set in a gold ring with diamonds by Cartier. The shine, the clarity, the size and the reddish color of the stone, with the characteristic name "pigeon blood color", raised the price to 30 million dollars. This is the most expensive price ever given for any gemstone other than diamond. The stone of wealth and warriors, creates feelings of intense passion, power, sexuality, and leads to passionate love affairs and crimes. It is the stone of individuality without ignoring the friendship and the compassion. Ruby is a strong stone for the first chakra of the base. (Mulandhara), it needs attention due to its energy power.
The planet of ruby is the Sun and its sign is Leo. The water signs, Scorpio, Cancer and Pisces benefit from the power of the stone. Sagittarius, the lively and expressive but superficial zodiac sign, wears a small ruby set with metal, to balance stress and emotional charge.